operations add addend sum difference subtract unknown estimate equation strategy column row factor equal shares array multiple multiply product divide remainder quotient digit greater than less than | ones place tens place hundreds place round pattern rule sequence decreasing increasing term whole one-half one-third one-fourth one-sixth one-eighth numerator denominator equivalent unit fraction hour second minute | half past o'clock quarter past elapsed time quarter to afternoon morning month year height length width perimeter ruler tape measure centimeter inch quarter inch half inch area tiling square unit | square inch square foot square centimeter square meter rectilinear figure liquid volume halfway empty quart gallon pint milliliter liter lighter heavier balance balance scales gram kilogram standard unit nonstandard unit
| cent penny nickel dime quarter coins dollar data tally chart picture graph line plot bar graph minimum maximum scale key square triangle rectangle kite rhombus trapezoid octagon | quadrilateral pentagon hexagon 2-dimensional sides vertices polygon parallelogram parallel edge congruent similar base face symmetrical 3-dimensional curved surface flat surface pyramid cube cone cylinder sphere rectangular prism |