add addend estimate equation fact family sum difference subtract unknown number column row equal groups strategy doubles facts near doubles sums of ten build to ten make a ten digit greater than less than expanded form ones place tens place hundreds place | geometric pattern rule number pattern growing pattern decreasing increasing repeats whole one-half one-eighth one-fourth one-sixth numerator denominator equal shares clock hour second minute half past o'clock quarter past weekend quarter to afternoon morning | evening year week month height length width perimeter ruler tape measure centimeter inch longer shorter halfway capacity quart gallon pint milliliter liter measuring jug lighter heavier heaviest lightest balance
| gram kilogram cent nickel quarter coins penny dollar tally chart data picture graph line plot bar graph least most scale key square triangle rectangle kite rhombus trapezoid octagon pentagon hexagon 2-dimensional | sides vertices polygon parallelogram angle base quadrilateral parallel edge face symmetrical 3-dimensional curved surface flat surface rectangular prism pyramid cone cube cylinder sphere |